- Biography
- Teaching
- Research and Creative Activity
- Honors and Awards
- Service
Education
S.J.D. - Doctor of Judicial Science, Law, University of Pennsylvania Law School Philadelphia PA
LLM, Law, Columbia University School of Law United States
LL.B. - The Bachelor of Laws Degree, Law, Bar Ilan University Israel
Semester | Course Prefix | Course Number | Course Name |
---|---|---|---|
Spring 2025 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Spring 2025 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2024 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2024 | LAW | 9720 | nformation Privacy Law and Pol |
Fall 2023 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2023 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2022 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Spring 2022 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2021 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Spring 2021 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2020 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2020 | IDC | 4050H | Hon Feit Hum Sem I |
Spring 2020 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Spring 2020 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2019 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2019 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Spring 2019 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Spring 2019 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2018 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Fall 2018 | LAW | 1101 | Fundamentals of Business Law |
Journal Articles
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Sanfillippo, M. R. (2019). Topic polarization and push notifications. First Monday, 24(9). 15.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2017). Breaking News: How Push Notifications Alter the Fourth Estate. First Monday, 22.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. (2016). Big Data and Social Netbanks, What Happens When Tech Companies Become Financial Companies? . ACM COMPUTERS & SOCIETY,
Book Chapters
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. (2020). Algorithmic Analysis of Social Behavior for Profiling, Ranking, and Assessment. In Barfield, W. (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Law of Algorithms Cambridge, MA,United States. Cambridge University Press.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. (2018). Access to Payments and Credit in the Age of Big Data. In Morse, E. A. (Ed.), Electronic Payment Systems: Law and Emerging Technologies The American Bar Association.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. (2018). Algorithms and Discrimination. In Barfield, W., & Pagallo, U. (Eds.), Research Handbook of Law and AI (pp. 88-113). Northampton, MA,United States. Elgar.
Law Reviews
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. (2025). Privacy as a Matter of Public Health (No.1). Columbia Science and Technology Law Review.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. (2024). Privacy Notice and The Blame Game The Virginia Journal of Law and Technology.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. G. (2024). Decentralized Credit Scores: Black Box 3.0 (No.2). American Business Law Journal.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2022). Nobody is Watching Me: Towards Human-Centric Privacy and Humanless Information Protection, The Virginia Journal of Law and Technology (No.2). The Virginia Journal of Law and Technology.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Strandburg, K. (2020). Privacy regulation and Innovation Policy The Yale Journal of Law and Technology .
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Strandburg, K. (2020). Regulation and Innovation: Approaching Market Failure from Both Sides (No.1). The Yale Journal on Regulation.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019). Data Philanthropy (No.6). The Hastings Law Journal.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. (2016). Big Data and Social Netbanks: Are You Ready to Replace Your Bank? HOUSTON LAW REVIEW .
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. (2016). On Social Credit and the Right to be Unnetworked COLUMBIA BUSINESS LAW REVIEW.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2015). The Subtle Incentive Theory of Copyright Licensing BROOKLYN LAW REVIEW .
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2014). Combating Trademark Infringement Online: Secondary Liability v. Partnering Facility COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF LAW & THE ARTS .
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2013). Copyright Lawmaking and Public Choice: From Legislative Battles to Private Ordering HARVARD JOURNAL OF LAW & TECHNOLOGY.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2012). Second Level Agreements AKRON LAW REVIEW .
Media Contributions
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. G. (2023). Who’s Afraid Of (Suing) DeFi Entities?.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2022). The Home-Sharing Industry and Privacy With Yafit Lev-Aretz (EP. 69) The Fordham Intellectual Property, Media, & Entertainment Law Podcast, (The Fordham Intellectual Property, Media, & Entertainment Law Podcast).
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2021). S5:E7 - Apple’s #SpyPhone, an Apple App Store Settlement, and the Expansion of Government Facial Recognition Software [DevNews].
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019). Privacy And Power: Your Digital Fingerprint | NBC Nightly News.
Interview about data privacy
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019). Yafit Lev-Aretz and Katherine Strandburg on Privacy Regulation and Innovation - The Engelberg Center Innovation Policy Colloquium Podcast.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2018). TechCrunch - Facebook and the perils of a personalized choice architecture.
Opinion Article titled "Facebook and the perils of a personalized choice architecture"
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2018). Fairness In Machine Learning and AI, with Gal Yona and Yafit Lev-Aretz, Unsupervised Podcast.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2017). TechCrunch - If it talks like a government and acts like a government, it must be a tech giant .
An opinion piece titled "Free choice must be free"
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2017). TechCrunch - Free choice must be free.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2016). American Banker - Don't Let Facebook Likes Sway Credit Decisions.
Presentations
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. (2025, May 4). Privacy Law's Dynamic Disequilbria: A Case Study of the UOOM Boom and What May Come. Privacy Law Scholars Conference. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Law School. In Progress.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. (2025, March 4). An Empirical Investigation of Current Prospects for Automated Privacy Decisions. Consumer Law Scholars Conference. Boston, MA: University of Boston Law School. In Progress.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. (2025, May 4). Privacy and Public Health . Privacy Law Scholars Conference. Georgetown University Law School: Georgetown University Law School. In Progress.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. Privacy and Public Health . Privacy Research Group. NYU Law School
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. G. (2025, April 4). Decentralized Credit Scoring: Black Box 3.0. Wharton Conference on Financial Regulation. Wharton Business School: Wharton Business School.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. (2025, May 4). Privacy Notice and the Blame Game. Conference on Governance of Emerging Technologies and Science. Arizona: Arizona State University.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2025, May 4). The Impact of AI on Accounting, Finance, Law & Technology. The Impact of AI on Accounting, Finance, Law & Technology. Online: Baruch Starr Career Development Center.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. (2025, October 4). Current Prospects for Automated Data Privacy Opt-Out. Privacy Research Group. : NYU Law School. In Progress.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. (2025, December 4). Privacy as a Matter of Public Health. Cornell Tech - Digital Life Initiative. New York, NY: Cornell Tech.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. G. Decentralized Credit Scores. Automating Bias: Cardozo Law Review 2023 Symposium. Cardozo Law School, New York
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. G. (2025, March 4). Chatting with the Future: Exploring the Legal and Ethical Challenges of ChatGPT and Generative AI. Ethics Week Events, Baruch College. Baruch College: The Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Packin, N. G. (2025, June 4). Decentralized Credit Scores. Privacy Law Scholars Conference. University of Colorado
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2025, July 4). Privacy Notice and the Blame Game. ALSB - Academy of Legal Studies in Business. San Diego, CA: Academy of Legal Studies in Business.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2025, July 4). Humanized Choice Architecture. ALSB - Academy of Legal Studies in Business Conference. San Diego, CA: Academy of Legal Studies in Business. In Progress.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2025, May 4). Humanized Choice Architecture. Digital Manipulation Workshop. Cornell Tech, New York City: Digital Life Initiative. In Progress.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A. (2025, June 4). Privacy Notice and the Blame Game. Privacy Law Scholars Conference. University of Colorado
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2025, May 4). Decentralized Credit Scores: The False Hope of Programming Fairness. Governance of Emerging Technologies and Science Conference. Arizona: Arizona State University.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2025, October 4). Decentralized Credit Scores. Transatlantic Blockchain Law. Baruch College: Baruch College.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2025, March 4). Building More Ethical Tech by Reducing Ethical Debt. Tech Policy Program. Online: The Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2025, April 4). Grassroots Lobbying and Big Tech. The Tech Policy Program. Online: The Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2025, November 4). Facebook: Addiction by Design?. Online: Zicklin Talks Business Webinar Series.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2021, February 11). Public and Private Sector Uses of Criminal Justice System Data: Perspectives on Digital Punishment, Privacy, and Stigma. Public and Private Sector Uses of Criminal Justice System Data: Perspectives on Digital Punishment, Privacy, and Stigma. : The Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Strandburg, K. (2020, January 24). Privacy Regulation and Innovation Policy. Penn Law & Innovation Symposium. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Penn Law School.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2020, January 31). Privacy Regulation and Innovation policy. Next Generation of Antitrust, Data Privacy and Data Protection Scholars. NYU Law School: NYU Law School.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2020, February 11). Ethics in Brand Licensing. Ethics in Brand Licensing. Baruch College: The Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Sanfilippo, M. R. (2020, February 12). One Size Does Not Fit All: Applying a Single Privacy Policy to (too) Many Contexts. Privacy Research Group. New York, NY: Information Law Institute NYU.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2020, February 27). Social Credit and AI Ethics. : Wharton School of Business University of Pennsylvania.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2020, October 29). Personalized Choice Architecture. Digital Manipulation Workshop. Zoom: Cornell Tech.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2020, November 11). Unpacking the Privacy Paradox: The Role of Attitude Certainty in Data Disclosure Decisions (Comment). The Northeast Privacy Scholars Workshop. Zoom: Northeastern University School of Law.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2020, November 11). Cybersecurity During a Pandemic: Inevitably Vulnerable?. Cybersecurity During a Pandemic: Inevitably Vulnerable?. : The Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Sunfilippo, M. R. (2020, November 16). One Size Does Not Fit All: Applying a Single Privacy Policy to (too) Many Contexts. Law and Tech Seminar. Israel: Bar Ilan University.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2020, November 19). Inside Amazon: The Untold Story of Interest Brawls and Sellers Regulations. Inside Amazon: The Untold Story of Interest Brawls and Sellers Regulations. : The Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, April 4). Privacy Regulation and Innovation Policy. NYU School of Law Innovation Policy Colloquium. New York, NY: NYU Law School.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, October 31). AI for Good. Artificial Intelligence for Good: How Entrepreneurs are Using AI for the Right Reasons. New York, NY: The Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, October 25). Privacy and The Human Element. 3rd Annual Symposium on Data Analytics. Baruch College: Baruch College.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Sanfilippo, M. (2019, October 23). Privacy and Religious Views. Privacy Research Group. New York, NY: NYU Law School.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, September 27). Data Ethics. Data Ethics Roundtable. Washington DC: Georgetown Ethics Lab.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, September 19). Push Notifications and News Agendas. The Law Faculty Research Seminar. New York, NY: Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, City University of New York.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, August 10). Current Issues in Privacy Scholarship. ALSB Conference. Montreal Canada: The Academy of Legal Studies of Business.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, March 5). Privacy and the Human Element. Tech Society. Princeton, NJ: Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, March 19). Personalized Choice Architecture. Algorithms, Humans, and Ethics?. New York, NY: The Center for Corporate Integrity, Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, March 28). Privacy Regulation and Innovation Policy. Faculty Lunch. New York, NY: Stern School of Business NYU.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, April 12). AI Ethics. The 2019 CUNY Social Justice and Emerging Technologies Confrence. Queens, NY: CUNY.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2019, August 10). Privacy and the Human Element. ALSB Conference. Montreal Canada: The Academy of Legal Studies of Business.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Sanfilippo, M. R. (2018, September 13). Privacy and Religious Views. Symposium on Applications of Contextual Integrity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Center for Information Technology Policy.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2018, December 3). Data Philanthropy. Georgetown Law-Cornell Tech Data workshop. Washington DC: Georgetown Law School and Cornell Tech.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2018, November 28). Data Philanthropy. AI legal and ethical implications. Israel: University of Haifa.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2018, November 27). Personalized Choice Architecture. AI, Law & Policy. Israel: University of Haifa.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2018, September 21). Data Philanthropy. Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal Annual Symposium. New York, NY: Fordham Law School.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2018, October 24). Privacy and the Human Element. Privacy Research Group. New York, NY: NYU.
Lev-Aretz, Y. (2018, October 12). Data Philanthropy. Symposium on Business Analytics. New York, NY: Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, City University of New York.
Other Scholarly Works
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Sanfilippo , M. R. (2020). News coverage gets geo-fragmented.
Research Currently in Progess
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Sanfilippo, M. R.(n.d.). One Size Does Not Fit All: Applying a Single Privacy Policy to (too) Many Contexts. In Progress.
Lev-Aretz, Y.(n.d.). Privacy and religious views . In Progress.
Lev-Aretz, Y.(n.d.). Crypto Native Credit Scoring: A New Type of Predatory Lending.
Lev-Aretz, Y., & Nielsen, A.(n.d.). Privacy Agents. In Progress.
This Article examines a quiet legal development with outsized implications: the formal recognition of privacy agents in state data privacy laws. These agents are not human intermediaries. They do not negotiate, reason, or enter into contracts. They are software, simple tools embedded in browsers, that transmit a user’s desire not to have their data sold. Still, for the first time, privacy self-management can be delegated: individuals can install a tool that speaks for them, and the law will listen. It’s a small design change. But legally, and conceptually, it’s a big deal.
We argue that this turn to privacy agents reflects what we call a dynamic disequilibrium in privacy law. On one side, the law increasingly recognizes the burdens of traditional privacy self-management. On the other, it hesitates to fundamentally reallocate responsibility between users and firms. Privacy agents, then, emerge as a compromise to maintain the fiction of individual control while alleviating its practical impossibility.
To explore this disequilibrium empirically, we conducted a longitudinal study of the only currently active privacy agent—Global Privacy Control (GPC). Contrary to expectations drawn from prior privacy research, consumers appear not only willing but eager to adopt these privacy agents, at least in a regulatory environment that has yet to generate pushback from firms. This gap between legal promise and market response defines this current moment—a state of dynamic disequilibrium where the full consequences of legal recognition have not yet taken shape.
This moment of uncertainty conceals another shift underway. While this Article is anchored in the study of low-tech privacy agents, we also flag a more speculative development at the edge of doctrinal awareness: the rise of AI privacy agents. These are not browser extensions, but autonomous systems capable of managing, and perhaps even negotiating, user privacy in a dynamic and adaptive fashion. Under the current statutory language, which is broadly framed and largely technology-agnostic, these AI agents may already qualify for legal recognition. The law has inadvertently cleared the runway for this new kind of privacy intermediary, one that is more powerful, more inscrutable, and potentially more entangled in the principal-agent problem than any tool that came before.
What, then, are we to make of this moment? Our findings suggest not a stable solution, but a fleeting high point. An unexpectedly optimistic interval in which consumers show strong uptake and satisfaction with privacy agents, before the inevitable onset of market resistance and strategic friction. The current success of GPC likely reflects a legal and behavioral window in which neither firms nor enforcers have fully responded to the new regime. As such, this moment is best understood as transitional, not transformative. Privacy agents may yet deliver on their promise, but only if lawmakers, designers, and enforcers recognize the structural dynamics at play and act to sustain (rather than simply declare) the agency of users.
Honor / Award | Organization Sponsor | Date Received | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Award for Teaching Excellence | The Zicklin School of Business | 2020 |
College
Committee Name | Position Role | Start Date | End Date |
---|---|---|---|
Committee on Ceremonial Occasions | Committee Member | Present | |
Zicklin Graduate Curriculum Committee | Alternate Committee Member | Present | |
Law 1101 Reform | Committee Member | Present | |
The cybersecurity advisory board | Law Department's Liaison | Present | |
Committee on Prizes and Awards | Committee Member | Present | |
Zicklin Center for Corporate Integrity | Director of Tech Ethics Program | Present |
Professional
Organization | Position Role | Organization State | Organization Country | Start Date | End Date | Audience |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Symposium on Applications of Contextual Integrity | Committee Member | California | 3/15/2019 | Present | ||
Big Data and Society | Reviewer | Fully online | United States | Present | International | |
Journal of Information Policy | Reviewer | Pennsylvania | United States | Present | National | |
Northeast Privacy Scholars Workshop | Committee Member | Massachusetts | United States | Present | International | |
Northeast Privacy Scholars Workshop | Committee Member | New York | United States | 2/6/2019 | Present | |
Joint Academia-Industry Research Group Chair | New York | United States | 11/3/2017 | Present | International | |
The Symposium on Applications of Contextual Integrity | Committee Member | New York | United States | Present | International | |
The Center for Cyber, Law and Policy (CCLP) | Grant Proposal Reviewer, External | Non-US | Israel | Present | International | |
Facebook - Joint Academia-Industry Research Group | Committee Chair | New York | United States | Present | International | |
SCRIPTed, A Journal of Law, Technology & Society | Reviewer | Scotland | United Kingdom | Present | National | |
Cambridge University Press | Reviewer | Non-US | United Kingdom | Present | International | |
The Mercatus Center at George Mason University | Reviewer | Virginia | United States | Present | National | |
Mid-Atlantic Academy of Legal Studies in Business (MAALSB) | Grant Proposal Reviewer, External | Virginia | United States | 3/2/2022 | 6/2/2022 | Regional |
Future of Privacy Forum | Reviewer - 12th Annual Privacy Papers for Policymakers Award | DC | United States | 10/25/2021 | 2/7/2022 | International |
The Future of Privacy Forum | Judge | DC | United States | 10/1/2022 | 12/1/2021 | International |
Journal of Information Policy | Reviewer, Journal Article | 11/26/2018 | 12/17/2018 | |||
NYU Law School | Conference-Related | New York | United States | 11/8/2018 | 11/9/2018 | |
The Center for Cyber Law & Policy | Reviewer, Conference Paper | 5/3/2018 | 5/14/2018 | |||
The Mercatus Center at George Mason University | Reviewer, Journal Article | Virginia | United States | 2/6/2017 | 2/20/2017 |